This Working Paper—commissioned by the UNDP—aims to clarify the concept of armed violence monitoring systems (AVMS) and to deepen understanding of their work. It is designed to inform policy-makers and practitioners who are working on violence reduction and prevention and who are interested in supporting or establishing an AVMS. The report will also allow experts who are already engaged in AVMS to compare their experiences with those of others. Last but not least, the paper aims to inform researchers and academics who work on  developing indicators that capture the scale and scope of armed violence at a local, national, or global level.